Authors who publish with NUSALEGIS: Journal of Legal Studies retain the copyright to their published work. Authors grant NUSALEGIS the right of first publication and authorize the journal to publish, reproduce, distribute, preserve, and make the article publicly available as part of the journal's scholarly publishing activities.

Copyright ownership remains with the author(s) unless otherwise expressly agreed in writing. The journal does not require authors to transfer exclusive ownership of copyright as a condition of publication.

Authors remain responsible for ensuring that their manuscript does not unlawfully infringe the copyright, intellectual property rights, privacy, or other rights of third parties.

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Unless otherwise indicated, articles published in NUSALEGIS: Journal of Legal Studies are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Users who reuse material published by NUSALEGIS must provide appropriate attribution to the original work. Appropriate attribution should normally include:

Authors retain copyright in their work and may, subject to the applicable Creative Commons license:

• Share the published article with colleagues and students;
• Deposit the published article in an institutional or subject repository;
• Upload the article to their personal or institutional academic webpage;
• Use the article for teaching and educational purposes;
• Include the article or portions of it in future scholarly works with appropriate citation;
• Present and distribute the research at academic conferences and scholarly meetings;
• Share the published version through appropriate academic platforms.

Authors should identify NUSALEGIS: Journal of Legal Studies as the original place of publication whenever the published article is redistributed.

By accepting publication in NUSALEGIS, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive right of first publication and permission to:

• Publish the article electronically and, where applicable, in print;
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• Archive and digitally preserve the article;
• Submit article metadata and content to indexing, abstracting, archiving, and discovery services;
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These publication rights do not transfer ownership of the authors' copyright to the journal.

The Creative Commons license applied to an article does not automatically apply to third-party material included in the article when such material is identified as being subject to separate copyright or licensing restrictions. Authors are responsible for obtaining any necessary permission to reproduce copyrighted tables, figures, photographs, documents, or other third-party materials before publication.

Users of material published by NUSALEGIS must:

• Provide proper attribution to the author(s);
• Identify the original source of publication;
• Provide a link to the applicable Creative Commons license where reasonably practicable;
• Indicate whether changes have been made;
• Respect any separately identified third-party rights;
• Avoid representing adapted material as the unmodified views of the original authors.

Authors are permitted and encouraged to deposit and share the published version of their articles in appropriate repositories and scholarly platforms.

When sharing the published version, authors should provide the complete citation and a link to the official version published by NUSALEGIS.

The CC BY 4.0 license permits both commercial and non-commercial reuse of licensed material, provided that all applicable license conditions, particularly attribution, are satisfied. Use of separately copyrighted third-party material remains subject to the rights and permissions applicable to that material.

By submitting and publishing a manuscript in NUSALEGIS: Journal of Legal Studies, the author(s) acknowledge and agree that: