Publication ethics are essential to maintaining the credibility, reliability, and integrity of scholarly communication. NUSALEGIS expects all participants in the publication process to act honestly, transparently, fairly, and responsibly.

Editorial decisions shall be based on the academic merit, originality, relevance, methodological quality, legal reasoning, and scholarly contribution of the manuscript, without inappropriate influence from commercial, personal, political, institutional, or other external interests.

NUSALEGIS does not tolerate plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, citation manipulation, inappropriate authorship, undisclosed conflicts of interest, or other forms of research and publication misconduct.

1. Reviewers should provide objective, constructive, and academically justified evaluations of manuscripts.
2. Reviewers must maintain strict confidentiality regarding manuscripts and information obtained through the peer-review process.
3. Reviewers should not use unpublished information, arguments, data, or ideas obtained through review for personal research or advantage.
4. Reviewers should identify relevant published works that have not been appropriately cited where possible.
5. Reviewers should notify the editor if they suspect plagiarism, duplicate publication, fabrication, falsification, or other forms of academic misconduct.
6. Reviewers should decline review invitations when they lack appropriate expertise or cannot provide a fair and objective review.
7. Reviewers must disclose any potential conflict of interest that could reasonably affect their impartiality.
8. Personal criticism of authors is inappropriate. Reviewer comments must focus on the scholarly content of the manuscript.

1. Originality

Authors must ensure that submitted manuscripts represent original scholarly work. Ideas, arguments, quotations, legal interpretations, data, figures, and materials derived from other sources must be properly acknowledged and cited.

2. Accuracy and Integrity

Authors are responsible for the accuracy of all information presented in the manuscript, including legal provisions, judicial decisions, references, empirical data, quotations, and interpretations. Fabrication or falsification is prohibited.

3. Multiple and Duplicate Publication

Authors must not submit substantially the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal. A manuscript previously published in substantially the same form should not normally be submitted for publication in NUSALEGIS.

4. Acknowledgment of Sources

Authors must appropriately acknowledge publications and other sources that have influenced the research. Citation practices should accurately represent the relevant literature and should not be manipulated for inappropriate purposes.

5. Authorship

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made meaningful scholarly contributions to the conception, design, execution, analysis, interpretation, or preparation of the manuscript.

Gift authorship, guest authorship, and ghost authorship are inconsistent with the publication ethics of NUSALEGIS.

6. Conflicts of Interest

Authors should disclose financial, professional, institutional, personal, or other relationships that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research or interpretation of the findings.

7. Funding Disclosure

Authors should identify relevant sources of financial support for the research and describe the role of funding bodies where applicable.

8. Errors in Published Work

If authors discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their submitted or published work, they should promptly notify the Editorial Team and cooperate in correcting or retracting the article where necessary.

NUSALEGIS considers plagiarism a serious violation of publication ethics. Plagiarism includes presenting another person's words, ideas, arguments, research, legal analysis, figures, data, or other intellectual work without appropriate acknowledgment.

Submitted manuscripts may be screened using similarity-detection software. The Editorial Team evaluates similarity reports contextually and does not rely solely on a numerical similarity percentage.

Manuscripts containing unacceptable plagiarism or substantial unattributed text overlap may be rejected. If serious plagiarism is discovered after publication, the journal may issue a correction, retraction, or other appropriate editorial notice.

Authors must not fabricate, falsify, selectively manipulate, or misrepresent research data, legal materials, court decisions, statutory provisions, references, interview results, empirical observations, or other research evidence. Any deliberate manipulation that materially alters the scholarly record may constitute research misconduct.

Individuals listed as authors should:

• Make a substantial intellectual contribution to the research or manuscript;
• Participate meaningfully in drafting or critically revising the manuscript;
• Approve the final version submitted for publication; and
• Accept responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the published work.

Contributors who do not satisfy authorship criteria may be acknowledged appropriately but should not be listed as authors.

Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose relationships or interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing their scholarly judgment. Potential conflicts may include financial interests, employment relationships, institutional relationships, academic competition, personal relationships, consultancies, grants, or other circumstances that could affect objectivity.

Empirical legal research involving human participants, including interviews, surveys, observations, or personal data, must comply with applicable ethical, legal, and institutional requirements. Authors should obtain appropriate ethical approval and informed consent where required and must protect participants' privacy, confidentiality, and personal data.

Artificial intelligence systems or generative AI tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot assume responsibility or accountability for scholarly work.

Authors remain fully responsible for all content generated, revised, or assisted by artificial intelligence, including the accuracy of citations, legal authorities, quotations, facts, and legal analysis.

Substantial use of generative AI in manuscript preparation should be transparently disclosed in accordance with journal policy.

Citations should be selected because they are academically relevant to the research. Authors, editors, and reviewers must not request or add citations solely for the purpose of artificially increasing citation counts for particular authors, journals, institutions, or publications.

Authors or other parties who have concerns regarding editorial procedures, publication ethics, peer review, or editorial decisions may submit a reasoned complaint or appeal to the Editorial Office. Complaints and appeals will be considered objectively and, where appropriate, by an editor who was not directly involved in the disputed decision.

When potential misconduct is identified, NUSALEGIS may:

Where appropriate, the journal may contact relevant institutions or other responsible bodies when serious concerns regarding research integrity require further investigation.

NUSALEGIS is committed to maintaining an accurate and trustworthy scholarly record.

When errors or ethical problems are identified, the journal may publish an correction, retraction, expression of concern, or other appropriate editorial notice, depending on the nature and seriousness of the issue.

Withdrawal of manuscripts or published material is handled according to the journal's separate Withdrawal Policy and related editorial policies.

The publisher supports the Editorial Team in maintaining editorial independence, publication integrity, digital preservation, and responsible scholarly communication. The publisher must not improperly interfere with editorial decisions and should support appropriate actions required to correct the scholarly record when ethical concerns arise.