Commitment: JBA is dedicated to ensuring that editorial decisions are based on the scholarly merit of submissions, free from any commercial or personal bias, and that all research is conducted and disseminated with the highest integrity.

1. Publication Decisions

The Editor-in-Chief has full authority over the editorial content and the decision to submit manuscripts for publication. Decisions to accept or reject a paper for publication are based on the paper's importance, originality, clarity, validity, and relevance to the journal's scope. Editorial decisions are not influenced by the policies of any government or any other agency outside the journal.

2. Fair Play and Non-Discrimination

Editors evaluate manuscripts based on their intellectual content without regard to the authors' race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy.

3. Confidentiality

Editors and editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate. Submitted manuscripts are treated as confidential documents.

4. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

Editors will recuse themselves from handling manuscripts if they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the manuscript. Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the author's explicit written consent.

5. Handling of Misconduct and Appeals

Editors shall take reasonable steps to identify and prevent the publication of papers where research misconduct has occurred (plagiarism, data fabrication, duplicate publication, etc.). The journal has a clear process for handling complaints and appeals against the journal, its staff, editorial board, or publisher, following COPE guidelines and flowcharts.

1. Contribution to Editorial Decisions

Peer review assists editors in making editorial decisions and, through editorial communications with authors, may also assist authors in improving their manuscripts. All peer review processes are transparently described and well managed.

2. Promptness and Responsiveness

Any invited reviewer who feels unqualified to review the manuscript or cannot provide a prompt review should immediately notify the editor and decline the invitation. Reviewers must respect deadlines and complete their reviews in a timely manner.

3. Confidentiality

Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others without the editor's authorization. Private information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage.

4. Standards of Objectivity

Reviews should be conducted objectively and constructively. Personal criticism of the author is unacceptable. Reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments and references to help improve the manuscript.

5. Acknowledgment of Sources and Ethical Concerns

Reviewers should identify relevant published work not cited by the authors. They should also alert the editor to any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript and any other published work of which they have knowledge. Reviewers are encouraged to comment on ethical questions and possible research misconduct.

6. Disclosure and Conflict of Interest

Reviewers should decline to review manuscripts if they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with authors, companies, or institutions connected to the submission. They should promptly notify the editor.

1. Reporting Standards and Originality

Authors should present an accurate account of their original research, including an objective discussion of its significance. Data should be represented accurately. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Manuscripts must be entirely original work, and any use of others' work must be appropriately cited or quoted.

2. Data Access, Retention, and Reproducibility

Authors may be asked to provide raw data supporting their manuscript for editorial review and should be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication. The journal encourages the use of reporting guidelines and adherence to standard practices in their discipline to ensure reproducibility.

3. Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism

Plagiarism in all its forms (including self-plagiarism and redundant publication) constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Manuscripts must not be published previously (entirely or in parts) or be under consideration elsewhere. Simultaneous submissions are considered a major conduct flaw. JBA uses plagiarism detection software (e.g., CrossCheck) to screen submissions.

4. Authorship and Contributorship

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All such contributors should be listed as co-authors. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all appropriate co-authors are included, all co-authors have approved the final version, and they have agreed to its submission. Ghost, guest, or gift authorship is strictly prohibited.

5. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

All authors must disclose any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the research project must be disclosed at the time of submission.

6. Fundamental Errors in Published Works

If an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in their own published work, they have an obligation to promptly notify the journal editor and cooperate to retract or correct the paper (e.g., through an erratum).

1. Journal Management and Editorial Independence

The publisher (Universitas Dr. Djar Wattiheluw) ensures a well-described and implemented infrastructure for efficient running of the journal, including clear business models, policies, and processes. The publisher supports editorial independence and does not interfere with editorial decisions, which are based solely on scholarly merit.

2. Intellectual Property and Access

The publisher ensures the protection of intellectual property and copyright. All policies on copyright and publishing licenses are clearly described, as are any costs associated with publishing (APC). The publisher is committed to the permanent availability and preservation of scholarly research and ensures accessibility through digital archiving.

3. Handling of Unethical Publishing Behavior

In cases of alleged or proven scientific misconduct, fraudulent publication, or plagiarism, the publisher, in collaboration with the Editor-in-Chief, will take all appropriate measures to clarify the situation and amend the article. This includes prompt publication of an erratum, clarification, or, in severe cases, retraction of the affected work following COPE retraction guidelines.

Corrections and Retractions: If errors are identified, the journal will issue a correction or erratum. In cases of severe ethical violations (e.g., plagiarism, data falsification), the article may be retracted. Retraction notices will be clearly identifiable and linked to the original article.

Compliance with COPE: JBA follows COPE's Core Practices and recommends that authors, reviewers, and editors consult the COPE Flowcharts for guidance on handling ethical problems.